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verb

Posted on 2022-02-28 | In writing

动词
pioneer neglect yield illustrate illuminate reveal employ mean suggest clarity indicate represent prove insist propose imply assert postulate consider infer state extrapolate estimate define classify invoke analyze compare hypothesize synthesize summarize disagree generalize narrate evaluate simplify measure note predict introduce report construe challenge delineate depict interpret provide acknowledge distinguish inform specify restrict determine detail sum up designate point out set forth deduce derive characterize guide maintain believe speculate present organize investigate assess determine calculate support devise construct evaluate attribute obtain assume argue reiterate discover decide

并列递进
moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, then, additionally
转折
not, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely, paradoxically, by contrast, in spite of,rather than, instead of, unfortunately
解释
in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms
对比比较 Likewise, Similarly, In parallel to, while, whereas,
原因
because, because of, as, since, owing to, due to, thanks to, for this reason
结果
therefore, as a result, then, consequently, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence
举例
for example, for instance, as such, such as, take …for example, to illustrate, to name a few
总结
overall, eventually, consequently, in summary, in a word, as a result, together, collectively, thus, hence, consequently, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, to conclude, to summarize, in short, briefly
强调
surprisingly, interestingly, intriguingly, strikingly, unexpectedly, clearly, obviously, apparently, in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, undoubtedly, notably, specifically, particularly, especially firstly, … secondly, … finally …; first, … then … etc.
让步
although, after all, in spite of…, despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, given that
可能
presumably, probably, perhaps

缩写与定义

Posted on 2022-02-28 | In pulsar

EMRIs: extreme-mass-ratio inspirals

weak two-body interactions over a long time scale (i.e., relaxation processes)

verb

Posted on 2022-02-28 | In writing

Monte Carlo simulations of multiple populations in globular clusters: constraints on the initial size of the second generation from binary stars

我们展示了对拥有两代恒星的球状星团的蒙特卡罗模拟调查的结果,其中包括两个群体中大部分(fb = 50%)的原始双星。 考虑到潮汐场、二体弛豫、恒星演化和三/四体相互作用的影响,在哈勃时间内跟踪两个星族的动态演化。 幸存双星的比例,一旦考虑到观测偏差和不确定性,将与在真实球状星团中执行的可用径向速度时间序列进行比较,并用于限制第二代的初始空间浓度。 第二代双星的比例似乎只取决于总星团质量与第二代初始大小之间的比率,该比率决定了该恒星种群范围内的平均速度分散。
尽管存在各种不确定性,我们发现只有假设第二代的初始浓度很高(r∼0.1(M/106M⊙)pc),才能获得观察到的分数。 由于潮汐场对第一代结构特性有直接影响,因此第一代二元部分的演化对潮汐场强度(具有不可忽略的星团轨道偏心率影响)更为敏感。

The simulations have been run using the Monte Carlo code originally presented in (Sollima A., Mastrobuono Battisti A., 2014, MNRAS, 443, 3513).

A Straight Lightning Bolt?! Observation of a Predicted Macro Dark Matter Signature

最近,在澳大利亚珀斯的视频中捕捉到了四次非常直且非常短暂的闪光,彼此相距不到 0.5 秒。 直线闪电最近被确定为对宏观暗物质(宏)的预测——这是粒子暗物质的一大类替代候选物。 一个足够大的宏观穿过大气层产生直的等离子体柱会产生荧光,或者,在有利于闪电的大气条件下,会产生肉眼可见的非常直的雷击。 其他解释被考虑,但有问题。

THE BINARY COMPANION OF YOUNG, RELATIVISTIC PULSAR J1906+0746

一周pulsar文章2019/10/21

Posted on 2019-10-22 | In pulsar

Detecting Gravitational Scattering of Interstellar Objects Using Pulsar Timing

Ross J. Jennings, James M. Cordes, Shami Chatterjee

Cite as: arXiv:1910.08608 [astro-ph.HE]

确定引力散射事件预期的时序信号的形式,该形式呈斜坡状,

The form of the timing signal expected from a gravitational scattering event, which is ramp-like and resembles the signal produced by a glitch or a gravitational wave burst with memory (BWM).

毫秒脉冲星的定时精度

The level of timing precision currently achieved for some millisecond pulsars makes it possible to detect objects as small as $10^{-10} M_{sun}$.

ISO

An interstellar object (ISO) gives rise to a gravitational scattering signal in pulsar timing data if it passes close enough to a pulsar or to the solar system.

Some theories of dark matter predict that at least a fraction of it is composed of massive ISOs, such as primordial black holes (PBHs) or subhalos. As a result, several searches for ISOs have been carried out with the goal of understanding the nature of dark matter.

Subsequently, attention has focused on primordial black holes with masses between $10^{−11}$ and $10^{−8} M_{sun}$ as darkmatter candidates.

PULSAR TIMING PRECISION

脉冲星定时方法依赖于这样一个事实,即每个脉冲星都具有特征性的平均脉冲形状,该形状在几十年的时间尺度上都是稳定的。 通过使用傅立叶域匹配滤波算法(Taylor 1992)将观察到的脉冲形状与模板脉冲形状进行比较来确定到达时间。 通常,使用具有N>>1个脉冲的平均值,N的典型值在10^5 到 10^6 之间。

估计到达时间的最小不确定性来自接收机引入的脉冲轮廓测量中的噪声(辐射仪噪声)。 对于给定的辐射计噪声水平,使用匹配滤波算法计算TOA可以最大程度地减少这种对到达时间误差的影响。 在没有其他误差源的情况下,使用匹配滤波计算的到达时间的不确定性由下式给出:

$\sigma_{MF}=\frac{\sqrt{PW_{eff}}}{S\sqrt{N_{\phi}}}$
P:周期
S:(SNR)
Nφ :number of samples in pulse phase
Weff:effective pulse width

TOA误差来源:

  • 脉冲星磁层中发射区运动引起的脉冲抖动 pulse jitter (uncorrelated in time)
  • 信号通过电离星际介质的传播而引起的色散和闪烁 dispersion and scintillation (correlated in time)
  • 中子星壳与其磁层和超流体内部相互作用自旋噪声 spin noise (correlated in time)

自旋噪声是红噪声,其中大部分功率集中在低频处。 相比之下,辐射计和抖动噪声是白噪声,在所有频率下贡献的功率几乎相等。

电子密度模型

Posted on 2019-10-09 | In 文献阅读

电子密度模型

组成

  • thick disk (warm interstellar medium)
  • thin disk ( Galactic molecular ring)
  • spiral arms based on a recent fit to Galactic H II regions, a Galactic Center disk,
  • and seven local features the Local Bubble (LB), two regions of enhanced ne on the periphery of the Local Bubble (LB1, LB2), the GN, Loop I (LI), a region of enhanced ne in the Carina arm, and a region of reduced ne in the Sagittarius tangential region.
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一些鲜为人知的名言

Posted on 2019-09-30 | In 随笔

Any problem in computer science can be solved by another layer of indirection.
计算机科学领域的任何问题都可以通过增加一个间接的中间层来解决。

生命是一个美好的巧合,是宇宙在奔向熵最大的死寂过程中,为自己创造的观众。

缘起性空

Physic isn’t done in a vacuum.

docker

Posted on 2019-09-30 | In tools

创建Ubuntu容器

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sudo docker run --name *** -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash

-i 保证STDIN是开启的
-t 分配伪tty终端
–name 容器名字

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hostname
cat /etc/hosts
ip a
ps -aux

查看所有的容器 (-a可以查看已经停止的)

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docker ps -a

重新启动已经停止的容器

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sudo docker start name or ID
```

附着到容器
```
sudo docker attach name or ID

守护式容器

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sudo docker run --name daemon_dave -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c "while true";
do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
#print hello world

-d 后台运行

获取容器日志

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sudo docker logs daemon_dave #获取守护式容器日志
sudo docker logs -f daemon_dave #-f 监控Docker日志
docker logs --tail 10 daemon_dave #获取最后10行
docker logs --tail 0 -f daemon_dave #跟踪最新的日志

Ctrl+C 退出日志跟踪

批量删除名为name的镜像
批量删除某个位置的镜像( since & before)

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docker image rm $(docker image ls -q name)
docker image rm $(docker image ls -q -f before=mongo:3.2)

Docker 提供了一个 docker commit 命令,可 以将容器的存储层保存下来成为镜像。换句话说,就是在原有镜像的基础上,再叠加上容器的存储层,并构成新的镜像。以后我们运行这个新镜像的时候,就会拥有原有容器最后的文件变化。
docker commit [选项] <容器ID或容器名> [<仓库名>[:<标签>]]
但通常定制镜像时,使用Dockerfile

脉冲星Timing

Posted on 2019-09-30 | In pulsar

计时噪声:
Timing noise include red noise, jitter noise, dispersion measure variation noise, and clock-ephemeris noise.

表征脉冲星计时噪声:
参数方法(Bayesian): 参数化方法假设光谱模型 power law, exponential law, and rational functions
非参数方法(Frequentist):非参数方法通常对光谱或系统传递函数没有先验假设

与脉冲星噪声不同,引力波产生的计时残差在空间上相关,即,计时残差在脉冲星对之间相关。 随机背景没有预定的波形。 它的所有作用都可以通过计时残差中诱导的时序残差分量s的相关函数(空间和时间)来概括。

Hellings and Downs curve
使用脉冲星时序阵列搜索随机引力波背景,以寻找由背景在阵列中的脉冲星上引起的时序残差中的相关性。 由广义相对论预测的各向同性,非极化引力波背景的相关特征遵循所谓的Hellings and Downs curve,这是地球脉冲星基线之间的角度的函数。

脉冲星计时,这包括研究脉冲的到达时间(TOA)(通常通过在一个或几个望远镜中相干地添加许多单个脉冲来确定),最常见的是射电望远镜。 这些TOA可以非常精确地确定,在某些情况下,精度优于100 ns,但更常见的是几μs; 它们对应于脉冲星的特定经度(通常接近观测到的无线电发射最大的旋转相位)与地球对齐的时间。 因此,在任何两个无线电脉冲之间,脉冲星已旋转整数次。

一个很好的时序解决方案(以后称为相位相干星历)必须能够准确预测TOA。这个星历包括一个特定的数学描述,其中包含一些关键的自由参数,描述脉冲星的旋转加上脉冲星参考系和接收望远镜参考系之间的转换。在大多数再循环脉冲发生器的参考系中,它们的旋转可以通过自旋频率(ν)加上一个小但恒定和负的自旋频率导数(ν)来描述。在接收射电望远镜的参考系中,这些到达时间受到脉冲星相对于射电望远镜的运动的影响。这有几个组成部分:天文台由地球自转引起的运动,地球相对于太阳系质心(SSB)的运动,以及脉冲星相对于SSB的运动,这可能受到脉冲星自身轨道运动的影响(如果碰巧有任何伴星)。

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榨干CPU的每一滴油

Posted on 2019-09-23

计算机多如牛毛的硬件设备中,有三个部件最为关键,它们分别是中央处理器CPU、内存和I/O控制芯片。为了协调CPU、内存和高速的图形设备,人们专门设计了一个高速的北桥芯片,以便它们之间能够高速地交换数据。

由于北桥运行的速度非常高,所有相对低速的设备如果全都直接连接在北桥上,北桥既须处理高速设备,又须处理低速设备,设计就会十分复杂。于是人们又设计了专门处理低速设备的南桥(Southbridge)芯片,磁盘、USB、键盘、鼠标等设备都连接在南桥上,由南桥将它们汇总后连接到北桥上。

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radio astronomy concepts

Posted on 2019-07-19

HPBW&BWFN

Uniform linear feed the first null:
$$\theta=\lambda/D$$

Circular aperture the first null:
$$\theta=1.22\lambda/D$$

HPBW
半功率波束宽度: $\theta=1.02\lambda/D$
BWFN
主瓣束宽: $\theta=1.22\lambda/D$

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NiuJiarui

天尽头,何处有香丘

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